Graphite is an essential yet often overlooked material in Europe’s green transition, crucial for sustainable steelmaking, batteries, nuclear power, and electrification. However, Europe’s graphite supply is largely imported from China, creating geopolitical risks. Current graphite production methods also present major sustainability challenges, with significant climate impacts due to heavy reliance on fossil-based materials and energy-intensive processes. As demand continues to grow sharply, Europe urgently needs a secure and sustainable graphite source to achieve its climate and industrial goals.